Solar Variability and the Relation of Facular to Sunspot Areas during Solar Cycle 22

摘要: The total irradiance of the Sun has been found to vary mostly because changes in areas dark sunspots and bright faculae. Improved observations, such as those discussed this paper, are needed understand better interplay between these two competing features. In faculae determined by observations using a filter centered at Ca II K line (393.4 nm) with bandpass 0.9 nm. This allows detection across entire solar disk rather than just limb, is case for white-light Sunspots detected 672.3 nm 9.7 mean ratio facular sunspot area was be 16.7 ± 0.51 7½ year period during cycle 22 but showed significant increase progressed. suggests that excess associated outweighs deficit about 50%. also exhibited quadratic dependence on area, suggested Foukal, there no clear evidence turnover large areas. Lagged cross-correlations rotational modulation extending lags five six rotations when spots led Lags opposite direction, however, falling abruptly after rotations.