The Influence of Extreme Heat on Police and Fire Department Services in 23 U.S. Cities.

摘要: Recent research suggests that extreme heat affects the demand for emergency services, including police and fire department incidents. Yet there is limited understanding of impacts across U.S. cities, with varying population sizes, between different climates. This study sought to examine daily utilization during hot days in 23 cities representing six climate zones using relative risk (RR) time series analyses The warm season utilized three temperature metrics: maximum (TMAX), index (HIMAX), preceding minimum (TMIN). Across these RR incidents on where TMAX was at or above 95th percentile significantly increased within a range from 3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3%, 6.3%) 57% CI: 24.5%, 89.7%), compared nonhot day. At same thresholds, dispatches 6% 3.0%, 8.6%) 18% 15.2%, 21.6%). These results remained consistent metrics consecutive heat. estimated effects temperature, index, were nonlinear all cities. findings inform change adaptation strategies, preparing budgets personnel agencies ensure resilience as periods increase frequency, severity, duration.