Molecular mechanisms of iron uptake in fungi

摘要: Fungi, like all free-living organisms, are in competition for limiting nutrients. In accumulating iron, fungi faced also with a trace metal whose aqueous and redox chemistry make it both relatively bio-unavailable strongly cytotoxic. Successful adaptation to this environmental context has provided an iron uptake strategy that three features: relies on cycling enhance bio-availability reduce cytotoxicity; includes high- low-affinity pathways mechanistically distinct; is autoregulating so as maintain intracellular homeostasis. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae paradigm, review summarizes current knowledge about the four by which yeast accumulates iron. These include: siderophore accumulation; high affinity via permease; two lower through non-specific divalent ion transporters. All of these directly or indirectly dependent activity metalloreductase expressed extracellularly plasma membrane. A variety experimental genomics data indicate resourcefulness shared many, if not most, fungi. On other hand, while autoregulation metabolism Baker's well-understood, little known apparent homeostatic mechanisms yeasts The integration multiple their regulation into over-all homeostasis concludes brief review.