Promising approach to reducing Malaria transmission by ivermectin: Sporontocidal effect against Plasmodium vivax in the South American vectors Anopheles aquasalis and Anopheles darlingi

摘要: Background The mosquito resistance to the insecticides threatens malaria control efforts, potentially becoming a major public health issue. Alternative methods like ivermectin (IVM) administration humans has been suggested as possible vector reduce Plasmodium transmission. Anopheles aquasalis and darlingi are competent vectors for vivax, they have responsible various outbreaks in coast of Brazil Amazon Region South America. Methods To determine IVM susceptibility against P. vivax An. darlingi, were mixed infected blood: (1) Powdered at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 or 40 ng/mL). (2) Plasma (0 hours, 4 1 day, 10 14 days) was collected from healthy volunteers after administer single oral dose (200 μg/kg) (3) Mosquitoes with days provided plasma hours post-treatment (4) vivax-infected patients treated combinations IVM, chloroquine, primaquine whole blood hours. Seven infective meal, mosquitoes dissected evaluate oocyst presence. Additionally, ex vivo effects asexual blood-stage evaluated. Results IVM significantly reduced prevalence that developed oocysts ng/mL pIVM day 5 days. In day. The mortality expressively increased (40ng/mL) 1, post-intake drug only double fed meal mIVM by considerable impact on proportion 7 post-feeding. infection intensity notably when ingested IVM+CQ, PQ+CQ IVM+PQ+CQ. development considerably inhibited four-fold dilutions. Conclusion In conclusion, spiked rate mosquitoes. affect development. These findings support may be used decrease