Influence of some growth-regulating substances on sunflower and tobacco tissue in vitro

摘要: THE WELL-KNOWN responses of plant materials to various growth regulators have suggested a study their effects on tissues as they were grown in vitro. This is part larger work fundamental aspects pathological growth, which mu%h attention has been given the crown-gall disease caused by Phytomonas tumefaciens (Smith and Town.) Bergey et al. The early literature was reviewed Riker Berge (1935) Riker, Spoerl Gutsche (1946). These may be among critical factors balances resulting, respectively, normal or (Riker, 1942). Tissue cultures advantages for certain over studies with whole plants. For example: (1) Simple, callus-like tissue vegetatively vitro unlimited periods free from variations arising pollination. (2) Since nutrients consist only known chemicals, basal metabolism can studied relatively simple controlled procedures. (3) Changes both kind character cells induced under conditions. (4) exposed long time wide range concentrations materials, including cell-stimulating inhibiting agents, while other are constant. (5) It possible determine how far develops itself dependent parts plant. Growth show presence plants, example, epinasty, formation adventitious roots, inhibition bud development, stimulation cambial activity, delayed abscission old leaves. A number natural synthetic produce ones these either stimulate inhibit abnormal cell proliferation (reviewed Grieve, 1943; van Overbeek, 1944; Thomson, 1945). exact role play crown gall not established. Large numbers tested many kinds decapitated plants (Thompson, Swanson Norman, 1946,; Zimmerman, 1942, 1943). influence already "normal" Nobecourt, Gautheret, Indole-3-acetic acid particularly important species indispensable some cases. Gautheret (1945) noted that indole-butyric naphthalene-acetic 1Received publication April 14, 1947. supported Donner Foundation Research Committee Graduate School funds supplied Wisconsin Alumni Foundation. Published approval Director Agricultural Experiment Station. authors indebted Eugene Herrling preparing fig. 1-10. could substituted indole-3-acetic when needed cultures. With modified shape (Gautheret, However, growing received limited attention. alpha-naphthalene-acetic -prevented bud, leaf, stem tobacco callus liquid medium (Skoog, 1944). present paper describes representative excised aims clarify stimulating substances, concentrations, whether act alike two different tissues. An abstract this material appeared (Hildebrandt 1946b). MATERIALS AND METHODS.-Tissue used. sunflower isolated "secondary" Helianthus annuus L. var. Giant Russian bacteria. (P. R. White strain) hybrid Nicotiana glauca Grah. 9 X N. langsdorffii Weinm. S. Both described illustrated (Hildebrandt, Duggar, cultural procedure essentially Hildebrandt, Duggar (1945). Four pieces each 125 ml. Erlenmeyer flask 50 basal, mineral-salt, agar medium. 1946a). similar 1944) had following ingredients milligrams per liter distilled water: 400 Na2SO4, 800 Ca(NO3)2 4H20, 180 MgSO4 7H20, 160 KNO3, 65 KCI, 33 NaH2PO4 H2O, MnSO4 4H2O, 3 ZnSO4 7H2O, H3BO3, 1 KI, 20 ferric tartarate, glycine, 0.1 thiamine hydrochloride. All chemicals reagent grade except boric potassium iodide. In addition contained g. sucrose 5 Difco agar. growth-regulating compounds used sources follows: cysteinehydrochloride, acid, parachlorophenoxy-acetic alpha-naphthalene-acetamide, beta-naphthoxy-acetic (Eastman Kodak Company); 2,4dichlorophenoxy-acetic 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-butyric (Dow Chemical sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetate (E. D. Whitman, Ohio State University). 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetate, indole3-acetic cysteine hydrochloride, respec-