摘要: Fusion is the energy source of universe. The local conditions in core sun allow transfer mass into energy, which finally released form radiation. Technical fusion melts deuterons and tritons to helium, releasing large amounts per process. Because for fusion, will be deduced, fuel plasma state. Here, we report on confinement plasmas by magnetic fields. Different concepts – tokamaks stellarators – are introduced described. first reactor, ITER, most modern stellarator, Wendelstein 7-X, are under construction. Their basic features objectives presented. In addition, technology program discussed along with safety proliferation issues electricity production. Finally, question whether application cannot penetrate market before 2050, come too late or expensive answered. Keywords: fusion; magnetic confinement; tokamaks; stellarators; ITER ; Wendelstein 7-X ; fusion
mpg.de
sci-hub.se 参考文章(35)
F. Simon B. Anderson, Abdulgader F. Almagri, David T. Anderson, Peter G. Matthews, Joseph N. Talmadge, J. Leon Shohet, The Helically Symmetric Experiment, (HSX) Goals, Design and Status Fusion Technology. ,vol. 27, pp. 273- 277 ,(1995) , 10.13182/FST95-A11947086
Y.C Saxena, SST-1 Team, Present status of the SST-1 project Nuclear Fusion. ,vol. 40, pp. 1069- 1082 ,(2000) , 10.1088/0029-5515/40/6/305
A V Burdakov, A A Ivanov, E P Kruglyakov, Modern magnetic mirrors and their fusion prospects Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. ,vol. 52, pp. 124026- ,(2010) , 10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124026
A. Klix, H. Freiesleben, J. Henniger, K. Kondo, I. Murata, K. Seidel, M. Sommer, S. Unholzer, Blanket mock-up experiment with a LiAlPb assembly irradiated with 14MeV neutrons in preparation of the HCLL-TBM neutronics experiment Fusion Engineering and Design. ,vol. 83, pp. 1813- 1817 ,(2008) , 10.1016/J.FUSENGDES.2008.05.045
T Obiki, T Mizuuchi, K Nagasaki, H Okada, F Sano, K Hanatani, Y Liu, T Hamada, Y Manabe, H Shidara, W.L Ang, Y Ikeda, T Kobayashi, T Takamiya, M Takeda, Y Ijiri, T Senju, K Yaguchi, K Sakamoto, K Toshi, M Shibano, K Kondo, S Besshou, Y Nakamura, M Nakasuga, M Wakatani, O Yamagishi, K Aizawa, Y Kawazome, S Maeno, K Tomiyama, First plasmas in Heliotron J Nuclear Fusion. ,vol. 41, pp. 833- 844 ,(2001) , 10.1088/0029-5515/41/7/305
H.A.B. Bodin, A.A. Newton, Reversed-field-pinch research Nuclear Fusion. ,vol. 20, pp. 1255- 1324 ,(1980) , 10.1088/0029-5515/20/10/006
Allen H. Boozer, Physics of magnetically confined plasmas Reviews of Modern Physics. ,vol. 76, pp. 1071- 1141 ,(2005) , 10.1103/REVMODPHYS.76.1071
J.G. Bak, H.L. Yang, S.Y. Cho, K.H. Im, N.I. Hur, I.K. Yoo, J.W. Sa, K.H. Hong, G.H. Kim, B.J. Yoo, H.C. Ri, Y.K. Oh, Y.S. Kim, C.H. Choi, D.L. Kim, Y.M. Park, K.W. Cho, T.H. Ha, S.M. Hwang, Y.J. Kim, S. Baang, S.I. Lee, H.Y. Chang, W. Choe, S.G. Jeong, S.S. Oh, H.J. Lee, B.H. Oh, B.H. Choi, C.K. Hwang, S.R. In, S.H. Jeong, I.S. Ko, Y.S. Bae, H.S. Kang, J.B. Kim, H.J. Ahn, D.S. Kim, C.H. Choi, J.H. Lee, Y.W. Lee, Y.S. Hwang, S.H. Hong, K.-H. Chung, D.-I. Choi, KSTAR Team, G.S. Lee, M. Kwon, C.J. Doh, B.G. Hong, K. Kim, M.H. Cho, W. Namkung, C.S. Chang, Y.C. Kim, J.Y. Kim, H.G. Jhang, D.K. Lee, K.I. You, J.H. Han, M.C. Kyum, J.W. Choi, J. Hong, W.C. Kim, B.C. Kim, J.H. Choi, S.H. Seo, H.K. Na, H.G. Lee, S.G. Lee, S.J. Yoo, B.J. Lee, Y.S. Jung, Design and construction of the KSTAR tokamak Nuclear Fusion. ,vol. 41, pp. 1515- 1523 ,(2001) , 10.1088/0029-5515/41/10/318
S. C. Prager, A. F. Almagri, S. Assadi, J. A. Beckstead, R. N. Dexter, D. J. Den Hartog, G. Chartas, S. A. Hokin, T. W. Lovell, T. D. Rempel, J. S. Sarff, W. Shen, C. W. Spragins, J. C. Sprott, First results from the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed field pinch Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics. ,vol. 2, pp. 1367- 1371 ,(1990) , 10.1063/1.859557
P. M. Valanju, M. Kotschenreuther, S. M. Mahajan, J. Canik, Super-X divertors and high power density fusion devices Physics of Plasmas. ,vol. 16, pp. 056110- ,(2009) , 10.1063/1.3110984