Peptide Hormones in the Gastrointestinal Tract

摘要: Gastrointestinal hormones are peptides released from endocrine cells and neurons in the digestive tract. More than 30 hormone genes currently known to be expressed gastrointestinal tract, which makes gut largest hormone-producing organ body. Modern biology it feasible conceive under five headings. (1) The structural homology groups a majority of into nine families, each is assumed originate one ancestral gene. (2) individual gene often has multiple phenotypes due alternative splicing, tandem organization, or differentiated maturation prohormone. By combination these mechanisms, more 100 different hormonally active gut. (3) Gut also widely outside gut, some only extraintestinal but others other cell types. (4) may express bioactive fragments same prohormone cell-specific processing pathways. (5) Finally, cells, neurons, and, for instance, spermatozoa display differential release peptides, so peptide act as blood-borne hormone, neurotransmitter, long-acting growth factor, fertility factor.