Living rain gauges: cumulative precipitation explains the emergence schedules of California protoperiodical cicadas.

摘要: Mass multi-species cicada emergences (broods) occur in California with variable periodicity. Here we present the first rule set that predicts emergence of protoperiodical communities. We tested two hypotheses a dataset consisting direct observations and georeferenced museum specimen records: first, broods are triggered to emerge by periodic ENSO events second, brood after precipitation accumulates above threshold value. The period does not explain observed pattern emergence. Rather, emerged given conditions: (1) total exceeded 1,181 mm, (2) minimum 3-yr lapsed. is obeyed over an 800 km north-south distance across variety habitats. predict next at one study site arid Los Angeles County desert foothills 2020 or, if drought conditions continue, 2021.