The current status of community drug testing via the analysis of drugs and drug metabolites in sewage

摘要: Over the past few years analysis of drug residues in sewage has been promoted as a means estimating level use communities. Measured residue concentrations are used to determine load (total mass) being by entire community. Knowledge size or population community then allows for calculation drug-use relative (typically drug-mass/day/1000 inhabitants) which facilitates comparisons between differing communities populations. Studies have performed many European countries, including Norway, well US and Australia. The approach successfully estimated cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cannabis, nicotine alcohol. biomarkers great potential support complement existing techniques levels use, such identified promising development Monitoring Centre Drugs Drug Addiction (EMCDDA; www.emcdda.europa.eu/wastewater-analysis). is not without its challenges, ongoing collaboration across Europe aims at agreeing upon best-practice harmonising methods used. In Norway through NFR RUSMIDDEL funded DrugMon (www.niva.no/drugmon) project that led new techniques, significantly improved our understanding uncertainties associated with allowed coordination wide included all important intercalibration exercises. Application technique can provide evidence-based real-time estimates collective resulting data improve much needed dependency.