Global Material Cycles

摘要: This chapter discusses prominent examples of global material cycles. is major significance in order to understand potential perturbations the natural cycles caused by man’s production or use energy. As selected examples, carbon, water, nitrogen, and oxygen will be treated, addition aspects some other (sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine) as well interactions these The Earth a closed system represented selection several open (sub-)systems which exchange energy various processes. Human activities, many cases, have already had strong impact on cycles, often with deleterious ecosystems. In particular carbon its relatively small atmospheric reservoir under severe threat through anthropogenic dioxide emissions. It evident that there incentive decouple future supply from fossil organic combustion.