Environmental Policy-Making in the Northwest of Russia: Ecological Problems and Management of the Eastern Gulf of Finland Coastal Zone

摘要: The ecological situation in north-western Russia is very complicated. increasing anthropogenic loads inevitably cause alterations the aquatic ecosystems of Gulf Finland, often resulting a decrease natural biological diversity and ecosystem stability. Coastal development activities (construction ports, mining, dredging, transportation etc.) significantly affect environment functioning coastal processes resources. With intensification ship traffic, risk accidental oil spills increases to dangerous degree. Certain steps are being made by Russian government towards solving urgent environmental problems, especially number highly polluted regions such as eastern for example, implementation responsibility crimes obligatory investigations which done when anticipating construction projects. However, keeping system under control means effective scientifically-based management, better linkage exchange experience between scientists, stakeholders legislators Northwest essentially needed work out proper management strategies policy-making Finland zone.