The life of a dead ant: the expression of an adaptive extended phenotype.

摘要: Abstract: Specialized parasites are expected to express complex adaptations their hosts. Manipulation of host behavior is such an adaptation. We studied the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, a locally specialized parasite arboreal Camponotus leonardi ants. Ant‐infecting known make hosts bite onto vegetation before killing them. show that this represents fine‐tuned fungal adaptation: extended phenotype. Dead ants were found under leaves, attached by mandibles, on northern side saplings ∼25 cm above soil, where temperature and humidity conditions optimal for growth. Experimental relocation confirmed fitness was lower outside manipulative zone. Host resources rapidly colonized further secured extensive internal structuring. Nutritional composition analysis indicated structuring allows produce large fruiting body spore production. Our findings suggest osmotrophic lifestyle...