Enclosure and Micro-enterprise as Sustainable Development: The Case of the Canada/Costa Rica debt-for-nature investment

摘要: ABSTRACT This study demonstrates that debt-for-nature investment conforms to the neoclassical model of economic development which itself underlies current environmental, social, and cultural crisis. The NGOs funded under swap operationalize ostensible commitment World Bank, International Monetary Fund corporate environmental pursue “sustainable development” “gender equity” by means capitalist market. A small fraction Costa Rica's debt is relieved at cost criminalizing citizens excluded from “the commons,” newly legislated as parks, via incorporating rural women into global market circuits impoverish disempower them. In documenting these practices their consequences for local populations, this research challenges claim reduces poverty ecological destruction and, instead, uncovers inadequacy market-based “solutions” in practice worsen problems they s...