Diverse vegetation in a spa town supports human social benefits of urban birds

摘要: The urban–rural gradient effect, together with the value of urban green patches, on saving bird diversity has received significant research in recent years. These topics are usually studied context big cities, where effects more pronounced. In present study, we observed how these phenomena affect avicoenoses smaller spa town, landscape protection supports benefits biocultural diversity. We assessed effect occurrence microhabitats (especially particular tree and shrub forms) within fauna composition. found that towns is not as relevant cities because covered a complicated multi-layered vegetation structure. For management practices confirm high importance continuity from periphery to city centre, bypassing isolation patches. A proportion deciduous coniferous trees their spatial heterogeneity important for small songbirds. Next, conducted questionnaire-based study park visitors there benefit presence songbirds large parks, especially town. clear preference by highlights social