Nonlinear phenomena in the natural howling of a dog–wolf mix

摘要: It was reported to the first author that a female dog–wolf mix showed anomalously rough-sounding vocalization. Spectral analysis of recordings vocalization revealed frequency occurrences subharmonics, biphonation (two independent pitches) and chaos. Since these nonlinear phenomena are currently widely discussed as integral mammalian [Wilden et al., Bioacoustics9, 171–196 (1988)] or indicators vocal pathologies [Herzel J. SpeechHearing Res. 37, 1008–1019 (1994); Riede Z. Sgtkde 62 Suppl: 198–203 (1997)], we sought understand production mechanism observed instabilities. First in calls determined for four additional individuals. turned out appear, but much less frequently repertoire other animals. The larynges two individuals were dissected post mortem. There no apparent asymmetry folds slight arytenoid cartilages. most pronounced difference, however, an upward extension both female. This feature is reminiscent “vocal lips” (syn. membranes”) some primates bats. female’s voice clear similarities with intensively studied human who produces intentionally. Finally, possible communicative relevance discussed.