Polycystic ovary syndrome and impact on health

摘要: Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous, complex genetic, endocrine and metabolic disorder, diagnostically characterized by chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries biochemical clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism. It has tremendous negative impact on the physiology metabolism body as it may evolve into with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension dyslipidemia presenting frequent traits culminating in serious long-term consequences, such type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia cardiovascular disease. The key abnormalities include dysregulation gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator to feedback inhibition ovarian steroids, resulting luteinizing (LH) hypersecretion, decreased follicle-stimulating (FSH), stromal–thecal hyperactivity, hyperandrogenism, all which lead significant biochemical, reproductive dysfunction. Though detected approximately 5–10% women age, recent evidence from experimental observations animals, buttressed human studies, suggest deep-rooted developmental origin PCOS, pathophysiology progresses infancy adulthood. In utero fetal programming or hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadotropic axis at crucial stages, mediated interaction genetically determined hyperandrogenism environmental factors (obesity), have role development final expression PCOS phenotype its symptoms vary throughout lifespan, largely influenced alterations ethnicity. Several candidate genes involved steroid biosynthesis metabolism, action gonadotropins gonadal hormones, obesity energy regulation secretion action, addition many others, been implicated pathogenesis syndrome, suggesting genetic basis for PCOS. several pharmacological therapies are available alleviate components associated lifestyle modifications, including diet exercise, proved most effective should be employed first line intervention, particularly so, since central Active interventions diagnose treat disorder childhood before manifested adolescence imprinted adulthood, goal combating related disorders.