Stabilized turbulent fluid friction and heat transfer in circular tubes with internal sand type roughness at moderate Prandtl numbers

摘要: Abstract A mixing length type model is proposed and numerical results are reported for the Fanning friction factor heat transfer coefficient—the Nusselt number—for hydrodynamically thermally stabilized single phase incompressible turbulent forced convection flow in a round tube with internally sand-roughened walls moderate Prandtl numbers. Both constant wall flux temperature boundary conditions simulated. comparison between present other experimental data available indicates better agreement compared to calculations published earlier.