New geographies and forms of work and unemployment and public policy innovation in Europe

摘要: Since the mid 1970s political economy of Europe has been characterised by growing unemployment and significant changes in forms employment social composition workforce, a consequence both corporate state policies. There were marked intra-European geographies labour markets, with increasing differentiation at subnational scales same time as previous national differences economy, market regulation welfare narrowed. These raised important policy questions for states European Union. Seeking to encourage flexibility route increased competitiveness entailed creating contingent force alongside long-term unemployment. This turn generated pressures new public – which can be summarised ‘Third Sector’ approaches tackle exclusion promote inclusion integration typically linked moves ‘localise’ problems solutions them.