Effects of elevated [CO2] and O3 on stomatal and surface wax characteristics in leaves of pubescent birch grown under field conditions

摘要: The responses of pubescent birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) leaves to elevated levels carbon dioxide and ozone were investigated. micropropagated clones used in this research divided into coastal (Kempele 64°N °25E) inland (Ylikiiminki 65° N 26°E) according the provenance parent tree. seedlings exposed CO2 CO2+O3 open-top chambers over four growing seasons (1993–1996). investigation gathered 1995 1996. Leaf characteristics seemed be dependent on leaf age weather conditions. Stomatal density was greater plants grown relative unchambered controls. treatments did not affect stomatal birches. However, mean size clone increased significantly (13%) treatment compared with filtered ambient controls 1995. In 1996, sizes also higher (10%), (11%) non-filtered (12%) control. distribution wax deposits abaxial surface under CO2. growth environment affected development epicuticular waxes: air, stimulate formation charcoal control which weakest. combined effects O3 similar comparison alone.