Atrial Septum, Atrial Septal Defect and Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage

摘要: Isolated atrial septal defect is seldom diagnosed in the early months of life. The compliance right ventricle slowly increases above that left ventricle. Consequently, L-R shunt gradually develops. Furthermore, rarely causes clinical symptoms. patient commonly referred to pediatric cardiologist for analysis a cardiac murmur. An ejection murmur over pulmonary area with typical fixed splitting second sound loud component usually first sign an significant shunt. In these cases chest X-ray reveals increased vascular markings and cardiomegaly. cardiomegaly mainly due dilated which readily observed by echocardiography. absence evidence hypertension on valve M-mode echocardiogram possible presence paradoxical motion indicate volume overload only cause ventricular dilatation. Two-dimensional echocardiography normal attachment tricuspid without prolapse. best visualized directly subcostal four chamber view because this cross-section ultrasound beam has more perpendicular relation septum compared other views. apical (2) parasternal short axis view, at level great arteries (3), may also be used but coming from windows tends pass parallel septum. Therefore, central ‘dropouts’ easily occur, particularly when overall resolution inadequate or gainsettings are not properly adjusted.