Spatial association of mud volcano and sandstone intrusions, Boyadag anticline, western Turkmenistan

摘要: The mud volcano and sandstone intrusions complex occurring in the Boyadag anticline, western Turkmenistan, is only well-documented example of co-existing, but not synchronous, volcanism and sand intrusion. Integrated field laboratory evaluation investigates spatial and genetic relations between extrusion later A dike a pillar pierce deposits on crest anticline. Two more dikes occur near the escarpment caused by crestal normal fault. rising hydrocarbons from Oligocene Maykop Fm. fed after exposure Lower Pleistocene units at core of main physical process that led to fluidisation identified as progressive increase pore fluid pressure, during stage reduced or null activity volcano, caused up-dip migration deep basin into Pliocene reservoir within generated source rock levels the Maykop Fm., whereas saline water involved connate water Red Beds pressure rise was responsible for fracturing sealing units, already weakened fault feeding system. The sand intruded sealing breccia deposits, also using conduit and the preferential pathways. During present-day background activity, the outcropping provide high permeability pathways continuous leakage, precluding re-establishment pressures reservoir.