Overview of Solid Fuels Combustion Technologies

摘要: The study of coal and biomass combustion for power generation or heating processes is extreme importance, if we are to conserve our sources energy, while achieving the environmental goal efficiently reliably in a world increasing population energy needs. This chapter provides survey technologies that either available being developed enable all solid fuels be used cleanly with greater amenity. physical chemical properties fuels, which influence design performance processes, discussed first. conventional methods emerging clean higher thermodynamic efficiency inherent emission control, such as fluidized bed combustion, supercritical pulverized-coal low NOx burners, near-zero considered detail. Currently under development industrial utilization, grate furnaces, underfeed stokers, systems, dust also described. Examples experience from several countries around presented. Pulverized-coal systems best-proven technologies, accounting well over 90% plants. average larger subcritical plants range 35–36%. Energy consumption high so emissions, uncontrolled. Supercritical units achieve efficiencies, approaching 50%, thus lower specific emissions. Unit sizes up 1000 MWe exist. Long-term programs progress, efficiencies involve materials developments, including use superalloys. Fluidized have good fuel flexibility emissions compared systems. Bubbling (BFBC) small 300 MW, having 30%. A key area future extending waste fired, improving control heavy metals, construction. Circulating fluidized-bed (CFBC) operation size few MW MWe; plant 38–40%. Larger boilers research on advanced alloys heat exchangers continuing. Pressurized (PFBC) relatively new technology. Plant 44% very levels been achieved. topping combustor, increase gas turbine inlet temperature, flue cleanup, remain critical areas. In situ SOx reduction between 30 80%. Technologies CO2 oxy-fuel looping investigation. More than 95% utilized today obtained by direct combustion. Basic concepts include fixed bed, firing. Fixed furnaces appropriate moisture content, varying particle sizes, ash content. Typical capacities 20 50 related electrical 25–30% range; however, 100 already Moving preferred recent years, application fluid-bed allows efficient production electricity biomass. On scale about 50–100 MWe, 30–40% possible. Keywords: biomass; coal; combustion technology; clean technologies; biomass systems; solid