Social Sciences and Political Projects: Reform Coalitions between Social Scientists and Policy-Makers in France, Italy, and West Germany

摘要: In the post-World War II history of social sciences in France, Italy, and West Germany, a distinct period can be detected which policy orientation was (re-)introduced into these disciplines. this major research efforts were undertaken, either on specific areas or politico-administrative processes themselves, with view to improving policy-making by putting it “scientific” “more rational” basis. These took place 1960s early 1970s thus followed previous developments USA where term “policy sciences” (1) coined, but they differed significantly from US experience. The nature confrontation between innovative approach established national science traditions interaction emerging researchers actors different systems had significant influence shape process (2).