Hydrolysis and fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production

摘要: Second-generation bioethanol produced from various lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, agricultural, or forest residues, has the potential to be a valuable substitute for, complement to, gasoline. At least three major factors—rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, and their rising costs—suggest that we now need accelerate research plans make greater use of plant-based biomass for energy production chemical feedstock part sustainable economy. Optimizing competitive with petrochemical fuels is main challenge underlying process development. The exhaustive on enzyme technology during latest years, resulting in significant advances field, show importance enzymatic hydrolysis profitable ethanol process. On other hand, persisting challenges pretreatment, which are initial steps most designs, remarkable recalcitrance materials biological degradation. recent scientific trends toward an integrated overall bioconversion fermentation genetic engineering ethanologenic microorganisms aim not only at maximizing yields productivities but also widening range products applications.