Molecular determinants of prostate cancer metastasis.

摘要: // Kiera Rycaj 1 and Dean G. Tang 1, 2 Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA Stem Cell Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School Shanghai 200120, China Correspondence to: Rycaj, email: Kiera.Rycaj@Roswellpark.org Tang, Dean.Tang@Roswellpark.org Keywords: metastasis, prostate cancer, cancer stem cells, molecular mechanisms Received: July 15, 2017      Accepted: August 31, Published: September 19, 2017 ABSTRACT Metastatic remains largely incurable fatal. The general course from the initiation primary tumor formation progression to is a multistep process wherein cells at each step must display specific phenotypic features. Distinctive capabilities required growth form foundation, sometimes may remain critical, subsequent metastases. These features easily malleable during acquisition additional unique essential metastatic such as dissemination distant tissues interact with foreign microenvironments. Thus, phenotype culmination multiple genetic epigenetic alterations selection favorable traits under pressure ever-changing Although our understanding programs that drive metastasis are incomplete, increasing evidence suggests successful colonization relies on (CSCs) tumor-regenerating capacity adaptive survival in organs. In past 2-3 years, myriad novel regulators determinants have been reported, this Perspective, we comprehensively review body literature summarize recent findings regarding cell autonomous critical metastasis.