Enhanced elimination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid by menstruating women: evidence from population-based pharmacokinetic modeling.

摘要: Human biomonitoring studies have shown that concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in men are higher than women. We investigate sex differences elimination PFOS by fitting a population-based pharmacokinetic model to six cross-sectional data sets from 1999 2012 the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) derive human first-order rate constants (kE) corresponding half-lives (t1/2) for PFOS, where t1/2 = ln 2/kE. use modified version Ritter separately The accounts population-average lifetime changes intake, body weight, menstruation rate. compare model-derived constant hypothetical nonmenstruating women when is included as loss process evaluate hypothesis an important modeled half-life 4.7 years, excluding losses 3.7 years. 4.0 Thus, 30% discrepancy between remaining likely due other sex-specific routes not considered our modeling.