Bats Limit Arthropods and Herbivory in a Tropical Forest
作者： M. B. Kalka , A. R. Smith , E. K. V. Kalko
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摘要: Previous exclosure studies measuring the top-down control of arthropod abundance and herbivory combined effects birds bats. We experimentally partitioned bird predation from bat in a lowland tropical forest Panama measured direct (arthropod abundance) indirect (herbivory). The exclusion bats each directly increased on plants: Bird-exclosed plants contained 65% more, bat-exclosed 153% arthropods than controls. Birds also indirectly herbivory: suffered 67% 209% conclude that have dramatic ecological were previously overlooked.
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