Prospective Environmental Impacts of Passenger Cars under Different Energy and Steel Production Scenarios

摘要: The potential environmental impacts of producing and using future electric vehicles (EVs) are important given their expected role in mitigating global climate change local air pollutants. Recently, studies have begun assessing the effect changes EVs supply chains on overall performance. This study contributes by integrating energy, iron, steel production life cycle assessment (LCA) EVs. In this light, examines these parameters charging Future battery (BEV) could a 36–53% lower warming (GWP) compared to current BEV. source electricity generation accounts for 89% GWP reductions over BEV’s cycle. Thus, it presents highest reduction 35–48%. use hydrogen direct iron steelmaking (HDR-I) is reduce vehicle 17% technology. By accounting 9% reductions, HDR-I has second-highest (1.3–4.8%). results also show that energy efficiency improvement measures manufacture would be more beneficial when applied now than distant (2050), CO2 intensity EU lower. Interestingly, under same conditions, high share renewable contributed decrease all pollution-related impact categories, but an increase toxicity-related as well land water consumption.