Phenolic Extraction of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Induces Caspase-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Apoptosis through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Activation of Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Melanoma Cells

摘要: Moringa oleifera Lam. has long been used to treat many diseases, including diabetes, aging, inflammatory, and cancer. Many studies have revealed that the crude extract of leaves possesses anticancer property. Therefore, in this study, was fractionated using different solvents figure out most effective fraction for anti-proliferative effect on melanoma cells. Methanol (MO-ME), hexane (MO-HE), chloroform (MO-CH), ethyl acetate (MO-EA), water-soluble (MO-WA) were prepared. Total phenolic flavonoid contents determined. The activity cells normal investigated WST-1 assay. apoptotic assessed by testing DNA condensation, fragmentation, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. expression apoptosis-related genes, mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) then examined clarify underlying molecular mechanisms. In regard, MO-ME, MO-EA, MO-CH inhibited proliferation both A375 human A2058 cells, but had little WS1 skin fibroblasts primary dermal (NHDF). Among fractions, phenolic-rich MO-EA markedly growth a dose- time-dependent manner. anti-proliferation supposed be mediated via apoptosis, which demonstrated significant increase condensed chromatin, PS apoptosis stimulated enhanced ROS production reduction membrane potential. activated Bax while reducing Bcl-2 expression, leading an Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. mechanisms cell death involved activation Caspase-3/7 Caspase-9 (Caspase-dependent pathway), activation, translocation apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) into nucleus (Caspase-independent pathway). Our study indicated exerted effects vitro Caspase-dependent Caspase-independent pathways ROS. These results provided fundament cancer effectively.