摘要: Floods can be classified in four types based on characteristics of the flood event: flash floods a few hours duration; single-event longer multiple-event floods; and seasonal floods. Flash most frequently occur small headwater basins association with short-duration convective, frontal, or orographic type storms high-intensity rain cells. The economic, social, environmental effects are similar to impacts “river floods” other types; major differences being that generally little, if any, warning over very short time period limited relatively areas. However, often catastrophic may, depending development land use affected basins, result large loss life because sudden onset events.