Bullying and victimization: prevalence and relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, and depression.

摘要: This study investigated the prevalence of bullying and victimization among students in grades 7 8. It also explored relationship to gender, grade level, ethnicity, self-esteem, depression. Three survey instruments were used obtain data from a convenience sample 454 public school students. Twenty-four percent reported involvement. Chi-square tests indicated significantly more male than female involvement, seventh graders involvement did eighth graders, there no statistically significant differences based on ethnicity. Both bullies victims manifested higher levels depression who neither nor victims. There between groups terms self-esteem.