Computational Modeling of (un)Cooperation: The Role of Emotions

摘要: The philosopher H. P. Grice was the first to highlight extent which our ability communicate effectively depends on speakers acting cooperatively. This tendency cooperation in language use, recognized since Grice’s William James lectures, has been a key tenet of subsequent theorizing pragmatics. Yet it’s also clear that there are limits people cooperate: theoretical and empirical studies Prisoner’s Dilemma have shown prefer cooperate if other party cooperates, but not otherwise. would suggest as well, level person’s cooperativeness. So far, however, it proven remarkably difficult test such prediction, because is analyze communicative style objectively, schemes proposed so far for, e.g., non-verbal cues tend low reliability. In this study existence negative correlation between emotions linguistic demonstrated for time, thanks newly developed methods analyzing facial expressions. heart rate expressions participants cooperative task were recorded after uses uncooperative language; each utterance classified with high As predicted, very correlations observed cooperation, found be highly predictive her cooperation. Our results shed light crucial aspect communication, may usable research aspects human interaction well.