How does trade development affect environmental performance? New assessment from partially linear additive panel analysis

摘要: Abstract Assessing the linkage between trade development and environmental quality has recently attracted increasing attention because of rapid advancement globalization along with severe degradation environment. However, neglecting possible nonlinear relationship variables, existing studies mainly use linear models to explore trade-environment linkage. To fill this gap, paper introduces a novel partially additive panel model that highlights heterogeneous features investigate direct indirect influences on performance over period 2005–2017 in China. The results show an inverse “U-shaped” effect In contrast, can indirectly improve through economic growth. Nonlinear marginal analysis demonstrates such impact not only presents individual differences but also embodies trait temporal dynamics. Empirical further reveal importance our model, which automatically identify variable nexus thus reduce setting error parametric models. Model evaluation confirms superiority used nonparametric provides new method for regarding development, be applied other fields where assessment socio-economic factors environment is needed.