Molecular-Targeted Therapy for Melanoma

摘要: Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor, with a poor prognosis for patients advanced disease and resistance to current therapies. Both the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]) PI3K/AKT signaling pathways have become crucial targets pharmacological development, being constitutively activated through multiple mechanisms in melanoma. Mutations of BRAF been proposed contribute development. Increased activity MAPK pathway prevents apoptosis induces cell cycle progression. PTEN deletion leads AKT activation, which can result phosphorylation inactivation RAF. This decrease downstream MEK ERK activation may lead loss differentiation or cellular senescence. A wide array molecular-targeted agents against signaling, mTOR are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Current opinion now points need concurrent targeting several order control growth, survival, metastasis, due presence redundant functions compensatory/adaptable pathways.