X chromosome reactivation in reprogramming and in development

摘要: Dramatic epigenetic changes take place during mammalian differentiation from the naive pluripotent state including silencing of one two X chromosomes in female cells through chromosome inactivation. Conversely, reprogramming somatic to pluripotency is coupled reactivation (XCR). Recent studies mouse system have shed light on mechanisms XCR by uncovering timing and steps induced stem (iPSCs), allowing generation testable hypotheses embryogenesis. In contrast, analyses human iPSCs revealed important differences between processes that can partially be explained establishment distinct states impact disease modeling application cells. Here, we review recent literature as a readout determinant pluripotency.