Neurotoxins and neurotoxic species implicated in neurodegeneration.

摘要: Neurotoxins, in the general sense, represent novel chemical structures which when administered vivo orin vitro, are capable of producing neuronal damage or neurodegeneration—with some degree specificity relating to phenotype populations neurons with specific characteristics (i.e., receptor type, ion channel astrocyte-dependence, etc.). The broader term ‘neurotoxin’ includes this categorization but extends include intra- extracellular mediators involved neurodegenerative event, including necrotic and apoptotic factors. Moreover, as it is recognized that astrocytes essential supportive satellite cells for neurons, because these ultimately affects function, might reasonably be extended those species also adversely affect astrocytes. This review intended highlight developments have occurred field ‘neurotoxins’ during past 5 years, MPTP/MPP+, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), meth-amphetamine; salsolinol; leukoaminochrome-o-semi-quinone; rotenone; iron; paraquat; HPP+; veratridine; soman; glutamate; kainate; 3-nitropropionic acid; peroxynitrite anion; metals (copper, manganese, lead, mercury). Neurotoxins tools help elucidate extra-cellular processes necrosis apoptosis, so drugs can developed towards targets interrupt leading death.