摘要: 1. Introduction 1.1 Formalization 1.2 Elementary Characteristics of Populations 2. Life Tables 2.1 General Concepts 2.2 The Single Decrement 2.3 Abridged Table 2.4 Multiple 2.5 Selected Properties Model 3. Reproduction 3.1 Background 3.2 Per Capita Reproductive Rates 3.3 Heterogeneity 3.4 Generalizations 4. Population I. Basic and Models 4.1 4.2 Stable 4.3 Projection 4.4 Fundamental 5. II. Extensions Theory 5.1 Two-Sex 5.2 Stochastic Demography 5.3 Multiregional 5.4 Demographic Social Insects: Honeybee 5.5 Unity 6. Applications 6.1 Estimation 6.2 Curve Fitting 6.3 Mass Rearing: Harvesting 6.4 Parasitoid Rearing 6.5 Pros Cons Modeling