Fluctuating selection and dynamic adaptive landscapes

摘要: One of the central assumptions in Wright's original conception adaptive landscape, was that fitness remained constant through time. Decades study have since shown this assumption is invalid. This chapter explores how spatial and temporal variability selection lead to dynamic shifts landscapes. After considering a number empirical examples variable selection, it concludes traits are particularly important biotic interactions more likely result shifting As such considers various roles frequency- density dependence, sexual predation, competition, phenotypic plasticity, genetic polymorphism affecting strength forms selection. The review here supports view landscapes as highly fluctuating.