Measuring synergy within a Triple Helix innovation system using game theory: cases of some developed and emerging countries

摘要: Synergy within a Triple Helix innovation system has been measured in relevant literature using mutual information and transmission power, all based on Shannon’s theory. However, as complex system, relationships may also be analysed with various techniques tools from other disciplines among which game Thus, the synergy indicators like core, Shapley value nucleolus. The core measures extent of synergy, indicates an actor’s strength to lead create nucleolus determines maintain synergy. systems eight countries four developed—USA, UK, Germany France—and emerging—Russia, India, Brazil China—were their scientific output It appears that biggest science producer more power synergy; government shows solidarity system. level is higher developing (led by France, 1.7–2%) than emerging ones Brazil, less or equal 1%), operating division selected according development. study state intervention economy influences position ternary diagram.