On the Biomechanics of Vaginal Birth and Common Sequelae

摘要: Approximately 11% of U.S. women undergo surgery for pelvic floor dysfunction, including genital organ prolapse and urinary fecal incontinence. The major risk factor developing these conditions is giving vaginal birth. Vaginal birth a remarkable event about which little known from biomechanical perspective. We first review the functional anatomy female floor, normal loads acting on in activities daily living, capacity muscles. Computer models show that stretch ratio muscles can reach an extraordinary 3.26 by end second stage labor. Magnetic resonance images provide evidence regions experiencing most are at greatest injury, especially forceps deliveries. A conceptual model suggests how injuries may lead to common form prolapse, cystocele.