Thermal tolerance of sympatric hymenopteran parasitoid species: does it match seasonal activity?

摘要: Climatic changes result in an increased mean temperature and a higher incidence of extreme weather events such as heat cold waves. For ectotherms, insect parasitoids, the ability to remain active under climatic conditions is significant key fitness. The body size individuals, particular their surface volume ratio, may play role resistance thermal conditions. tolerances are investigated two closely-related sympatric parasitoid species [Aphidius avenae Haliday Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)] that have similar ecology but differ phenologies. critical limits individuals assessed both sexes each influence surface-volume ratios on tolerances. less resistant low temperatures more high than A. rhopalosiphi. lower ratio help them summer when experiencing However, not sole factor plays differences tolerance between be adaptation rather by-product developmental regulation. Closely related from same ecological guild can different allow occur within habitat. present study also highlights importance clearly defining how measure determine species.