The dialectic role of progesterone

摘要: Progesterone is known to be metabolized into various metabolites exerting effects, predominantly 5alpha-pregnanes and 4-pregnenes. Studies on uterine tissues showed numerous progesterone-converting enzymes such as 5alpha-reductase (5alphaR), 5beta-reductase, 3alpha-, 3beta-, 20alpha-, 20beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases others. The main progesterone-metabolizing in human breast are 5alphaR, 3alpha-HSO 3beta-HSO, 20alpha-HSO. Tumor genesis the has been shown enhanced by high 5alphaR activity suppression of A major determinant breast's gate-keeping enzyme genetic variation enzyme's gene. Two polymorphisms within steroid type 2 gene, Ala>Thr at codon 49 Val>Leu 89 have reported strongly affect activity, even regard cancer risk. As hormones converted many other steroids occupying different receptors thereby progesterone important factors when mediating hormone's effects. receptor (PR) gene transcribed from one two alternative promoters translated PR-B, a potent transcriptional activator, PR-A, shorter isoform, necessary oppose effects PR-B. In addition, endocrine reactions modulated epigenetics. expression up- downregulated epigenetic mechanisms. Many must also taken account hormonal (replacement) therapy. Thus natural should not disparaged treatment options for gender-specific diseases. An update endocrinological knowledge experience rather mandatory gynaecologists.