A review of the phylogeny, ecology and toxin production of bloom-forming Aphanizomenon spp. and related species within the Nostocales (cyanobacteria).

摘要: Abstract The traditional genus Aphanizomenon comprises a group of filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria which several memebers are able to develop blooms and produce toxic metabolites (cyanotoxins), including hepatotoxins (microcystins), neurotoxins (anatoxins saxitoxins) cytotoxins (cylindrospermopsin). This genus, representing geographically widespread extensively studied cyanobacteria, is in fact heterogeneous composed at least five phylogenetically distant groups ( , Anabaena / like cluster A, Cuspidothrix Sphaerospermopsis Chrysosporum ) whose taxonomy still under revision. review provides thorough insight into the phylogeny, ecology, biogeography toxicogenomics (cyr, sxt, ana genes) best documented “ ” species with special relevance for water risk assessment: flos-aquae gracile issatschenkoi aphanizomenoides ovalisporum . Aph. C. have been reported from temperate areas only whereas S. shows widest distribution tropics areas. Ch. found tropical, subtropical Mediterranean While all show moderate growth rates (0.1–0.4 day −1 within wide range temperatures (15–30 °C), A. can grow around (or below) 10 °C, much better competitors high over 30 °C or even close 35 °C. has confirmed as producer saxitoxins cylindrospermopsin, anatoxins cylindrospermopsin. suspected cylindrospermopsin anatoxin-a production microcystin uncertain. includes critical discussion on reliability toxicity reports invasive potential climate change scenario, together derived knowledge gaps research needs. As whole, this work intended represent key reference scientists managers involved major challenges identifying, preventing mitigating blooms.