A multi-level approach to understanding upper limb function

摘要: Abstract Here we describe a multi-level approach to study upper limb control. By using non-human primates were able examine several different levels of motor organization within the same individual including their voluntary behavior, musculoskeletal plant, and neural activity. This revealed parallels in global patterns activity arm muscles neurons primary cortex (M1). For example, during postural maintenance both arm-related M1 exhibit bias torque-related towards whole-limb flexion extension torque. A similar could be reproduced with mathematical model muscle recruitment that minimized effects noise suggesting common constraint for population activation cortical neurons. That said, not merely “upper neurons” as they exhibited substantial context-dependency compared muscles. flexible association low-level processing is consistent having pivotal role an optimal feedback controller.