Distinguishing Mechanisms From Markers of Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction More Than 1 Way to Skin the Cat of Heart Failure

摘要: The incidence of death from cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure has increased steadily over the past 25 years despite overall decline in mortality disease during same period. As 1990, was responsible for more than 400 000 deaths per year most common discharge diagnosis Medicare population.1 Overall, patients with have a 5-year rate 50%. Patients New York Heart Association class III IV 2-year approaching 50% nearly optimal treatment ACE inhibitors, diuretics, digoxin.2 Therefore, it is fair to say that prevalence reached epidemic proportions this country industrialized western societies. Clearly, better understanding primary mechanisms underlie contractile abnormalities failing needed develop new therapeutic strategies existing effective guidelines prevention failure. After 3 decades intensive investigation, precise remain elusive. distinction between true mere markers been particularly difficult failure, because complex cascade physiological, neurohumoral, biochemical undoubtedly represents interaction multitude environmental genetic factors. Obviously, making far-reaching implications. Fresh insights regarding cellular molecular bases come very …