Study Design and Logistics

摘要: Reliable knowledge is critical for management and conservation of wetlands. Essential to the scientific method achieving reliable study design. The primary purpose design collection data in an unbiased precise manner accurate representation a population. Proper includes formulation questions objectives, hypotheses explain observed pattern or process, conceptual models, appropriate methodology, plan. Inference results conclusions can be explicitly bounded by defining target Deductive, Inductive, Retroductive reasoning are used infer populations. Development multiple competing capable being tested at core hypothetico-deductive approach that maximizes potential from study. Selection independent dependent variables test should done with cost, efficiency, understanding wetland system studied. Study type (e.g., experimental, observational, assessment) influences certainty results. Randomization replication foundation any type. In wetlands, impact studies BACI [before-after/control-impact] design) common usually follow unforeseen events hurricanes, wild fire, floods). Sampling dictated population, defined area. A robust sampling effort essential data. Reduction statistical mechanical errors protocols overlooked features addition tests, estimation magnitude (i.e., effect size) crucial interpretation When judging merits study, investigators independently assess hypothesis, design, approach, without regard how they would have conducted Doing so will facilitate process.