Urban Impact on Soils and Groundwater (Guest Editors - Ulf Mohrlok and Thomas Schiedek)

摘要: of the forward modeling exercises. This paper concentrates on city Rastatt (SW-Germany) as one four case studies in AISWURS project. Using AISUWRS model chain, mass fluxes boron to soil-aquifer system range 0.44 mg/m²/a were calculated. As predominantly originate from leaky sewer systems, result corresponds reasonably well uncertainty that was calculated for leakage with Monte Carlo method entire area which is 0.01 4.26 mg/m²/a, a median flux 0.36 mg/m²/a. On other hand, chloride systems estimated by chain be 7.5 g/m²/a while approach predicted an input 0.071 sewers. reflects additional inputs infiltration areas road salting, fertilizer application and runoff impermeable surfaces. According these calculations, study not major source into soil-aqui- fer system. Abstract Background, Aim Scope. The urban soil aquifer subject contamination only event-based accidents spill- ages but also constant emissions drainage sys- tems. Leaky decentralized stormwater measures or gardens are omnipresent soil-water Due spatial variability complex- ity input, few attempts have been undertaken balance soil-groundwater using inte- grated water supply systems. How- ever, considering protective function ground- system, planning authorities need decision support especially regarding impact European Union funded project (Assessing Im- proving Sustainability Urban Water Resources Systems) completed at end year 2005. overall scope initiative assess improve sustainability resources help computer tools. Methodology. achieved development different models describe link supply, drain- age, including leakage, unsaturated zone, groundwater uppermost applied Volume Quantity (UVQ), developed CSIRO, Australia. Its main parameters climate records, consumption characteristics (e.g. use laundry typi- cal contaminant loads through toilets) sealing coefficients. calculates flows wastewater assesses direct recharge groundwater. information fed specially Net- work Exfiltration Infiltration Model (NEIMO), estimates amount exfiltration infil- tration results compared simulation explicitly addresses uncertainties included estimations leakage. Results. A holistic description cycle derived. All quantified together loadings marker substances chloride, potassium, boron, sulphate, zinc). Extensive sampling programs constrained