Genetic variability in the fungi and the problem of fungicide resistance

摘要: Abstract The way in which fungal populations respond to fungicides used for their control, and hence the risk of disease control failures due resistance, depends primarily on type genetic variability available. Existing evidence indicates that differs with chemical rather than organism. With most systemic antifungal antibiotics, high resistance can be obtained by mutation a major gene. population response is then qualitative or moderate involved, depending effect gene fitness. Mathematical models are available, basis establishment loss effectiveness fungicide this group predicted. few systemics some protectants, practically significant decrease sensitivity requires interaction several genes, each minor effect: quantitative low th moderate. In situation, combination degree fitness varies greatly has not permitted construction suitable mathematical so far. Finally, there no pathogenic fungi possess genes protectant fungicides, involve risk, if any. Selection forms less sensitive does seem have taken place, spite many years repeated use.