Effects of acute exposure to stressors on subsequent avoidance-escape behavior.

摘要: This paper attempts to show that severely stressful conditions can lead a deficit in avoidance-escape responding by reducing noradrenergic activity the brain. It is argued this stress-induced neurochemical change explains more adequately an avoidance-excape seen previously dogs after severe inescapable shock than does "learned helplessness" explanation originally offered for effect. A series of six experiments are described test stress-neurochemical explanation, which called "motor activation deficit" hypothesis. The first experiment showed brief exposure cold swim, reduced central but did not induce helplessness," produced similar observed original studies. Subsequent demonstrated induced swim was also it too dissipated with passage time and pretraining animals correct response. Further then (a) aggravated raising height barrier between compartments shuttle box, (b) occur if task used required little motor activity, both findings being predicted Finally, shock, found stressor likewise impair skeletal result concludes discussing how results presented paper, as well succeeding papers, support certain deficits, defining cases applies neurotransmitters involved.