Wild, free-living hummingbirds can learn what happened, where and in which context

摘要: Studies in the laboratory have shown that animals can combine multiple kinds of information to form integrated memories for rules and events. Less is known about how make use these wild. Here we tested whether wild, free-living, rufous hummingbirds, Selasphorus rufus, could learn identify rewarded flowers a naturalistic foraging situation, by remembering, over exposures, what flower was rewarded, where which context. Birds were presented with boards on four artificial mounted, one containing food reward, others water. Which (its colour location) contained reward indicated condition presence visually distinctive background second sequential order presented. In both conditions, birds combined pieces learned context determine rewarded. Although they not required do so here, it possible might be able single